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This is the first book-length study on the subject and indeed a profound one. Aristotle has exerted a good deal of influence on early Christian thinkers, as has been recognized for some time now. Plato is called the “friend of truth” (Clement, Stromata V.66.3), “admirable” (Eusebius, Preparation for the Gospel XI.8.1, XI.9.5), and praised as superior to all other philosophers ( Preparation for the Gospel XI.1.3), while Aristotle is often presented as a source of heresy (Irenaeus, Against Heresies II.14.5, Basil, Against Eunomius I.5.43, I.9.8, Nemesius On the Nature of Man 30.18-32.2) and as the enemy of sound philosophy, that is, the philosophy of Plato and the Scriptures ( Preparation for the Gospel XI, XV). However, even today, Aristotle’s work remains a significant starting point for any argument in the fields of logic, aesthetics, political theory and ethics.It is a historical fact that early Christian thinkers, for the most part, frequently quote and often explicitly praise Plato but rarely mention Aristotle – and then mostly in a critical light. Scientists like Galileo and Copernicus disproved his geocentric model of the solar system, while anatomists such as William Harvey dismantled many of his biological theories. In the 13th century, Aristotle was reintroduced to the West through the work of Albertus Magnus and especially Thomas Aquinas, whose brilliant synthesis of Aristotelian and Christian thought provided a bedrock for late medieval Catholic philosophy, theology and science.Īristotle’s universal influence waned somewhat during the Renaissance and Reformation, as religious and scientific reformers questioned the way the Catholic Church had subsumed his precepts. After the fall of Rome, Aristotle was still read in Byzantium and became well-known in the Islamic world, where thinkers like Avicenna (970-1037), Averroes (1126-1204) and the Jewish scholar Maimonodes (1134-1204) revitalized Aritotle’s logical and scientific precepts. Andronicus of Rhodes grouped and edited Aristotle’s remaining works in what became the basis for all later editions.
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In “Metaphysics,” Aristotle also muses on causation, form, matter and even a logic-based argument for the existence of God. He called metaphysics the “first philosophy,” or “wisdom.” His primary area of focus was “being qua being,” which examined what can be said about being based on what it is, not because of any particular qualities it may have. MetaphysicsĪristotle’s “Metaphysics,” written quite literally after his “Physics,” studies the nature of existence. For example, all men are mortal, all Greeks are men, therefore all Greeks are mortal. The set of six books includes “Categories,” “On Interpretation,” “Prior Analytics,” “Posterior Analytics,” “Topics,” and “On Sophistical Refutations.” The Organon contains Aristotle’s worth on syllogisms (from the Greek syllogismos, or “conclusions”), a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two assumed premises. by Andronicus of Rhodes and his followers.
ARISTOTLE TIME IS THE MOST UNKNOWN SERIES
“The Organon” (Latin for “instrument”) is a series of Aristotle’s works on logic (what he himself would call analytics) put together around 40 B.C.
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Easter: What's the Difference? The Organon Plato’s own later writings, in which he softened some earlier positions, likely bear the mark of repeated discussions with his most gifted student. He spent 20 years as a student and teacher at the school, emerging with both a great respect and a good deal of criticism for his teacher’s theories. At age 17 he was sent to Athens to enroll in Plato's Academy. His parents died while he was young, and he was likely raised at his family’s home in Stagira. Both of his parents were members of traditional medical families, and his father, Nicomachus, served as court physician to King Amyntus III of Macedonia. In Arabic philosophy, he was known simply as “The First Teacher” in the West, he was “The Philosopher.” Aristotle’s Early LifeĪristotle was born in 384 B.C. Though overshadowed in classical times by the work of his teacher Plato, from late antiquity through the Enlightenment, Aristotle’s surviving writings were incredibly influential. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) made significant and lasting contributions to nearly every aspect of human knowledge, from logic to biology to ethics and aesthetics. Aristotle in the Middle Ages and Beyond.